死亡结构域相关蛋白及其在宫颈病变中的研究进展

宫颈癌对妇女健康构成严重威胁,人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈病变及宫颈癌的发生密切相关。关于宫颈癌发生发展的机制仍在研究中。近年研究发现一种多功能核蛋白,即死亡结构域相关蛋白(death domain associated protein,Daxx),其与细胞内蛋白或病毒蛋白相互作用,参与调节细胞凋亡、转录调控、抗病毒等细胞活动,在不同途径中发挥不同的生理或病理作用。通过对Daxx功能及其作用机制的研究有助于进一步阐明宫颈癌发生发展的机制,有助于发现新的预防和治疗方法。综述Daxx的一般特性和研究现况及其在宫颈病变的研究进展。     

Debut y manejo de leucemia mieloblástica aguda durante la gestación: a propósito de un caso

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is one of the deadliest haematological malignancies. During pregnancy it is a rare comorbidity and can lead to adverse outcomes, such as death, without adequate treatment. The management of AML during pregnancy remains a challenge. We report the case of a primigravida 34-year-old, with 18 weeks of amenorrhoea, who attended the emergency department presenting with pain and hypertrophy of the oral mucosa, accompanied by intense asthenia. Acute myeloblastic leukaemia was diagnosed. The possibility of terminating the pregnancy was offered given the lack of evidence regarding the maternal-foetal outcome, but the patient rejected it, so chemotherapy treatment was started. In the ultrasound controls there was no evidence of teratogenic alterations nor foetal growth restriction, and there were no alterations in Doppler flow values. It was decided to end the pregnancy at 32 + 3 GW. A preterm male was born through eutocic delivery with a normal Apgar test and umbilical cord pH, and did not require resuscitation. The puerperium was favourable and 15 days following discharge she was admitted for a bone marrow transplant from her HLA identical sister. The patient died due to rejection of the transplant and the complications derived from this event.     

生化汤加味促进剖宫产后子宫复旧随机对照试验的系统评价及Meta分析＊

目的 对生化汤加味促进剖宫产后子宫复旧的有效性与安全性进行系统评价，为其在临床应用提供循证医学证据。方法 检索中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国知网（CNKI）、万方资源数据库（WanFang）、维普期刊数据库（VIP）、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science等，检索时限为建库至2020年7月，选择生化汤加味促进剖宫产后子宫复旧的随机对照试验（RCT），采用Cochrane系统评价员手册提供的偏倚风险评估工具进行文献质量评价，应用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入12篇RCT文献，共计1804例剖宫产产妇；Meta分析结果显示，生化汤加味联合缩宫素组在产后第1、3、5天子宫底高度［MD = -0.75，95%CI（-1.35， -0.15），P < 0.00001；MD = -1.92，95%CI（-3.13， -0.72），P < 0.00001；MD = -1.92，95%CI（-3.79， -0.06），P < 0.00001］低于单用缩宫素组，联合用药组血性恶露时间［MD = -1.52，95%CI（-2.71，-0.34），P < 0.00001］和产后恶露持续时间［MD = -4.47，95%CI（-6.20，-2.75），P < 0.00001］均短于单用缩宫素组。结论 生化汤加味联合缩宫素与单用缩宫素比较，更能促进产后子宫复旧；不良反应少，报道的仅有4例出现轻微腹泻，安全性较高；但由于纳入文献质量较低，上述结论尚需更多的随机对照临床研究加以证实。     

Lenalidomide in the management of eosinophilic dermatosis of hematological malignancy

Eosinophilic dermatosis of hematological malignancy is a paraneoplastic skin eruption associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B‐cell malignancies. It clinically resembles an insect bite reaction and it can precede the symptoms of the hematological malignancy or be related to a more aggressive course. Different treatments have been proposed, but partial response and recurrence are frequent. Herein, we describe a case of eosinophilic dermatosis associated with mantle cell lymphoma with remission after lenalidomide therapy.     

A Review of Primary Thyroid Lymphoma: Molecular Factors,Diagnosis and Management

Purpose/aim: To focus on current aspects of primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL), which is a rare clinical entity usually manifested by a rapidly growing mass in the neck that can cause pressure symptoms.

Materials and Methods: Relevant papers in PubMed published through June 2017 were selected to track updated information about PTL with an emphasis on diagnosis and novel therapeutic management.

Results: The most frequent cases include non-Hodgkin lymphoma derived from B-cells, mainly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma or a mixed type. Other subtypes are less common. Lymphomas derived from T-cells and Hodgkin lymphomas are extremely rare. Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis has been implicated as a risk factor for lymphoma. At the molecular level, the Wnt5a protein and its receptor Ror2 are involved in the course of the disease. Ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, and core or open biopsy combined with new diagnostic facilities contribute to an accurate diagnosis. An increased potential exists for a cure without the need for a radical surgical procedure. Modern chemoradiation therapy plus the monoclonal antibody rituximab, which acts against CD20, have limited the need for surgical interventions and provide an excellent outcome in most cases. However, some cases have resulted in treatment failure or recurrence.

Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach must be used to define the management policy in each case. Future efforts by researchers are likely to be focused on the molecular level.     

探讨绝经过渡期、育龄子宫肌瘤患者异常阴道出血相关因素分析

目的: 探讨育龄、绝经过渡期子宫肌瘤患者异常阴道出血危险因素，为异常阴道出血临床精准诊断、治疗提供理论依据。方法： 选取2017年06月—2020年06月于内蒙古医科大学附属医院住院行手术治疗的子宫肌瘤患者。实验组设为非月经期异常阴道出血的子宫肌瘤患者，对照组为无异常阴道流血子宫肌瘤患者。根据第9版教科书年龄18-43岁定为育龄组；44-54岁定为绝经过渡期组（我国妇女平均绝经年龄为49.5岁，80%在44-54岁之间〔1〕）。 应用Excel双录入，核对无误后进行统计分析。计数资料的比较用R×C列联表卡方检验、四格表卡方检验及两独立样本秩和检验。非条件Logistic回归模型用于子宫肌瘤阴道异常出血危险因素的分析，并分别得到OR值与相应95%的可信区间。在此模型中，OR值＞1认为是危险因素，OR值＜1认为是保护因素。统计学显著性水平设定为双侧p≤0.05，即认为差异有统计学意义。全部统计分析选用SPSS19.0软件进行统计学分析。结果：1.将与子宫肌瘤阴道异常出血相关的33项临床指标纳入单因素分析得出，月经周期异常、肌瘤位置（子宫颈肌瘤）、肌瘤直径≥9cm、血红蛋白异常、子宫内膜癌、核分裂像＞5个差异有统计学意义（P≤0.05），均是子宫肌瘤阴道异常出血的危险因素；2.子宫肌瘤异常阴道出血核分裂像＞5个与子宫内膜病理性改变和异常阴道出血差异有统计学意义（P=0.019）。结论：1. 子宫内膜发生病理改变是子宫肌瘤患者引起异常阴道出血的原因之一。2.月经周期异常、子宫颈肌瘤、肌瘤直径≥9cm、血红蛋白异常、子宫内膜病理改变均是子宫肌瘤阴道异常出血的危险因素；子宫肌瘤核分裂像＞5个是子宫平滑肌瘤出现异常阴道出血的独立高危因素；3.子宫肌瘤核分裂像＞5与阴道出血、子宫内膜病理改变有统计学意义。进行单因素分析后得知，月经周期、肌瘤位置、肌瘤大小、血红蛋白、子宫内膜病理变化均子宫肌瘤阴道异常出血的发生有关。 关键词育龄；绝经过渡期；子宫平滑肌瘤；异常阴道出血；危险因素